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Head Trauma

Significant intracranial injuries may show no external signs. The EP must determine if an intracranial injury is present, the extent of that injury, and minimize the progression of secondary injury.

Causes

Common causes of head injury such as includes traffic accidents, falls, physical assault, and accidents at home, work, outdoors, or while playing sports.

Some head injuries result in prolonged. This can occur as a result of bleeding inside the brain or forces that damage the brain directly. These more serious head injuries may cause:

  • Changes in personality, emotions.
  • Speech and language problems
  • Throat swelling, choking, strangulation, crush injuries to the chest
  • Electrical shock
  • Loss of sensation, hearing, vision, taste, or smell
  • Seizures
  • Paralysis
  • Coma
  • Other major causes of head injuries include bicycle or motorcycle wrecks, falls from windows and falls around the house.

    Signs

    • Abnormal Glasgow coma score
    • Asymmetric or abnormal pupils
    • Otorrhea and rhinorrhea
    • Loss of skull integrity
    • Battle's signs
    • Periorbital ecchymoses
      ("raccoon eyes")
    • Posturing

    Treatment

    The head-injured person who has become demented benefits from emotional support and education. This may include any of the following:

    • Cognitive rehabilitation
    • Medication for specific symptoms
    • Behavior modification
    • Family or network intervention
    • Home-based neuro-development exercises
    • Special auditory retraining exercises
    • Acupuncture to correct imbalances and development of neural pathways
       
       

     
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