Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Aids
Bowel Obstruction
Central Vertigo
Croup
Diphtheria
Epiglottitis
Fifth Metatarsal Fracture
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Infant Botulism
Mastoiditis
Meningococcemia
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Optic Neuritis
Osteomyelitis
Panic Disorder
Pericarditis
Pneumonia
Reye's Syndrome
Salicylates
Schizophrenia
Tetanus
Tumor
Volvulus
Wound Botulism

Head Trauma

Significant intracranial injuries may show no external signs. The EP must determine if an intracranial injury is present, the extent of that injury, and minimize the progression of secondary injury.

Causes

Common causes of head injury such as includes traffic accidents, falls, physical assault, and accidents at home, work, outdoors, or while playing sports.

Some head injuries result in prolonged. This can occur as a result of bleeding inside the brain or forces that damage the brain directly. These more serious head injuries may cause:

Changes in personality, emotions.

Speech and language problems

Throat swelling, choking, strangulation, crush injuries to the chest

Electrical shock

Loss of sensation, hearing, vision, taste, or smell

Seizures

Paralysis

Coma

Other major causes of head injuries include bicycle or motorcycle wrecks, falls from windows and falls around the house.

Signs

Abnormal Glasgow coma score
Asymmetric or abnormal pupils
Otorrhea and rhinorrhea
Loss of skull integrity
Battle's signs
Periorbital ecchymoses
("raccoon eyes")
Posturing

Treatment

The head-injured person who has become demented benefits from emotional support and education. This may include any of the following:

Cognitive rehabilitation
Medication for specific symptoms
Behavior modification
Family or network intervention
Home-based neuro-development exercises
Special auditory retraining exercises
Acupuncture to correct imbalances and development of neural pathways

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